Nov 12, 2010 License to Call: A Guide to Unified Communications Manager Licensing Posted on November 12, 2010 by networkingnerd For those of you out there that spend your time installing collaboration applications, or phones as the rest of the world knows them, all I have to do is mention the word “licensing” and you immediately have a Pavlovian.
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Cisco CallManager Express is a solution embedded in Cisco IOS Software that provides call processing for Cisco IP phones. This solution enables the large portfolio of Cisco access routers to deliver telephony features similar to those that are commonly used by business users to meet the requirements of the small office, thereby enabling deployment of a cost-effective, highly reliable, IP.

What Is Call Manager Express

For those of you out there that spend your time installing collaboration applications, or phones as the rest of the world knows them, all I have to do is mention the word “licensing” and you immediately have a Pavlovian reaction and start shaking uncontrollably. Over the years, the process of obtaining the correct licensing for Cisco’s line of Communication Manager appliances has ranged from tolerable to outlawed by the Geneva Convention. Today I hope to shed a little light on things.

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In the Beginning

Not too long ago, Unified Communications Manager was known as CallManager. And it ran on Windows. Yes, let that sink in for a moment. From the beginning, Selsius (The company that developed CallManager) developed the platform on Windows 2000 server. When Cisco acquired it around version 3.0, they kept that OS choice intact. They did harden it somewhat to keep it from getting easily hacked, but you still had Windows running under all your call processing tasks. In those days, licenses were purchased when you purchased your phones. The phones had part numbers like CP-7960-CH1. When you purchased this part number, you also purchased a license to use this phone with CallManager. You got a little Right To Use certificate in the box, which you promptly took out and put in a file folder somewhere. Should Cisco ever come around and ask for your phone license, you went to that folder and pulled out the certificate and showed it to the person that asked. And you were licensed.

Should your phone ever break, you could always order a replacement part, CP-7960=. The equals sign meant it was a “spare” part. What made it spare? It didn’t ship with a license. It was meant to replace a broken phone. Consequently, it was also about $100 cheaper. If a person was so inclined, they could order a whole bunch of spare phones and use them with CallManager. How? Because CallManager 3.x and 4.x had no mechanism for license enforcement. Other than your conscience, there was nothing stopping you from saving $100 per phone and using the spare parts with no licenses. And, I’m guessing a lot of people started doing this. Which led to improvements in 5.x

DLUs, Nodes, and Features

When Cisco moved CallManager to version 5.x, they moved the OS to an “appliance OS”. Okay, so it’s a highly customized verison of Red Hat Enterprise Linux with a totally different shell. But at least it’s not Windows, right? In doing so, Cisco also decided to make some changes to the licensing model. First and foremost, they needed a way to be sure the licenses were bought and enforced when the phones were purchased. Now, instead of buying the phones bundled with the licenses, you would buy the spare phones and buy a separate license. Secondly, Cisco realized that charging a straight $100 fee for a phone license was inefficient. The same $100 that powered a 7906 phone powered a 7985 video endpoint. So, Cisco decided to ‘weight’ these devices. Instead of buying a single license, you bought a Device License Unit (DLU). These DLUs worked out to be about $25 each. The 7906 above only counted as 3 DLUs, so it’s license cost was effectively $75. The 7985 video phone was 8 DLUs, so its advanced features cost $200 to license. The 794x and 796x phones that formed the bread-and-butter of phone handset sales counted as 4 DLUs, which worked out to be roughly equivalent to the original $100 license.

In addition, Cisco decided to start licensing the number of CallManagers that went into the cluster. Previously, if you bought the software, you could load as many CallManagers into the cluster as you wanted (up to the limit of 5 per cluster). Cisco decided that those additional servers now needed to be licensed as ‘nodes’. So bringing a new subscriber node online in your cluster required an additional license. I can remember when this change first hit the street. There were entire classes devoted to figuring out the new licensing structure of CallManager. Towns were pillaged. Statues were toppled. Human sacrifice, dogs and cats living together, mass hysteria. It took some time for the old school voice…architects to get used to the idea of purchasing a block of DLUs for the phones they just ordered. But it ended up working really well. When a phone died, you removed it from CallManager and added its replacement in. The DLUs the old phone consumed were freed for use with the new phone. When you did an upgrade from 4.x to 5.x, you called TAC and provided them with the count of your old licenses. You could also provide them with a list of the phones you had registered with the cluster. And TAC issued you a DLU license that matched up to the number of DLUs you needed to run those phones.

The downside to DLUs is that it’s a hard count. If you need 3 DLUs to add another phone, and you only have 2, you don’t get to add the phone. Cisco gives you an ‘overdraft’ of a few DLUs just in case you need 1 or 2 more, but you also get a big warning telling you that you’re running on borrowed time and that you need to contact Cisco and get another few DLUs.

When version 6.x appeared, Cisco changed the name of the product to Unified Communcations Manager to better fit with the portfolio of communications as a whole solution. They also did it to make my typing job harder and differentiate how long you’ve been working with voice by how many times you call the new product “CallManager”. They also introduced a new license type, the ‘feature’ license. To this day, I still don’t actually know what the feature license is really for. I know that it prevents you from upgrading from 6.0 to 6.1 unless you have it. I know you can’t start the CallManager service (yes it kept the name) without a valid feature license. I know it has something to do with making sure you’re running the right version of the software. I also know that this one license has caused me more pain and consternation than any other license in the history of the world, save perhaps my driver’s license.

The ‘feature’ license is required when you upgrade from any major version. Going from 5.x to 6.x? Feature License. Going from 6.0 to 6.1? Feature license. When you upgrade from 5.x to 6.x, you can move your DLUs and node licenses, but w

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